1. Encounters Mac Os Catalina

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Frontier: First Encounters is a space trading and combat simulatorvideo game developed by Frontier Developments and published by GameTek in 1995 for DOS. The player pilots a spaceship through a universe pursuing trading, combat and other missions.

First Encounters was the first game to use procedural texturing to generate the vegetation, snow and other features on the planet surfaces.^[1] Mountain ranges, cliffs and alien landscapes and visual effects all contributed to the atmosphere of the game.

This third game in the Elite series is the direct sequel to Frontier: Elite II, and was followed by Elite: Dangerous in 2014.

Gameplay[edit]

First Encounters carried over the gameplay features from its immediate predecessor Frontier: Elite II, in that the game is a combination of trading, fighting, espionage, bombing and a variety of other military activities; the combat ratings were also carried over from the previous games. Like Elite II, First Encounters features realistic Newtonian physics, the ability to seamlessly land on 1:1 scale planets in authentic 1:1 scale star systems, and rival factions for which the player can perform missions, gaining or losing standing accordingly. The game's graphics were an improvement on the previous game, introducing Gouraud shading and more extensive use of texture mapping. As well as employing the same open-ended gameplay of its predecessors, First Encounters also features a storyline which takes the player through a series of events starting with the 'Wiccan Ware Race' and missions concerning an alien race called the Thargoids. Some of these missions can only be completed under specific circumstances, or with specific combat ratings. The missions take place between 3250 (the start-date of the game) and approximately 3255.

Comparing First Encounters to earlier games in the series, creator David Braben said that where the original Elite was 'basically just trading' and Elite II positioned the trading as 'something to do while doing missions', the developers had done 'almost no work' expanding the trading for First Encounters, as it was not seen as the focus of the game. The player's objective is instead to explore, have fun and 'find out what's happening with the aliens', although how they achieve this would depend on how they played the game.^[2]

In addition to these now-established tenets of the Elite series, First Encounters added full motion video BBS character faces in the CD-ROM version and journals which report on happenings within the game's known universe, occasionally mentioning the player's exploits. The game also allows the player to earn special ships that are not available to buy. These ships are given as rewards for completing missions; the ships are the Turner-class Argent's Quest, the Stowmaster-class fighter (which comes with the Argent's Quest, equipped as the escape pod) and the Thargoid Warship, given to the player by the Thargoids at the completion of the Thargoid missions.

History[edit]

First Encounters was the sequel to Frontier: Elite II. It was released by the financially struggling publisher, GameTek in Easter 1995. Due apparently to being published in an incomplete state, the game was significantly flawed in a number of respects on release.^[3] As FFE was originally riddled with many bugs, the game was extensively patched, later reissued as shareware (like Elite II) but finally withdrawn from sale. This was followed by a lawsuit brought by David Braben against GameTek, accusing the publisher of forcing the studio to release the game too early.^[4] The lawsuit was settled out-of-court in 1999.^[5]

As the official support has ended and the game being a DOS game, First Encounters has difficulty running with post-DOS operating systems such as Windows 95, Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Only with DOS-emulators like DOSBox the game was playable.

In 2000 Frontier Developments announced that FFE would be open-sourced under a GPL-similar license allowing ports,^[6] but this never happened.^[7] In response the community took up the support of the game, which was successfully reverse engineered by John Jordan and ported for modern operating systems in October 2005.^[8] JJFFE was updated until December 2009 and was later, due to the source code availability, taken up by other community developers with improved ports like FFED3D^[9] or GLFFE.^[10][11]

Reception[edit]

First Encounters was well reviewed, despite being released before the development team thought it was ready.^[3] While the game employed an advanced and realistic Newtonian mechanics flight model, rather than the original arcade-style engine, many players found it frustratingly difficult, particularly in combat.^[3] In a negative review, Computer Game Review's Tasos Kaiafas wrote, 'If another Elite is planned for the future, this baby should be thrown out the window with the bath water.'^[12] According to Frontier Developments the game shipped around 100,000 units.^[13]

References[edit]

1. ^'Guinness World Records - First use of procedural generation in a video game'.
2. ^''Life, The Universe And First Encounters' - PC Gamer (c) , Issue 18, 1995'.
3. ^ ^abc'The history of ... Elite', Retro Gamer, Imagine Publishing (47): 23–31, February 2008
4. ^'Getting to know... David Braben'. That VideoGame Blog. 10 November 2009.
5. ^Gaming, Henry Winchester 2014-05-12T14:50:00 131Z. ''The tech caught up to our ambition': David Braben on the return of Elite'. TechRadar.
6. ^News on eliteclub.co.uk, 8 November 2000. 'Following much discussion on the subject of open-source by the Elite community, we have decided to make some alterations to our previous plans for the Elite Club - we are going to relax some of the restrictions we were intending to put on the distribution of the source code. The source code will now be distributable more freely, under a licence agreement similar to the GPL (GNU Public Licence).'
7. ^'Welcome Commander, to the AmigaFFE Project'. '... after I have seen the announcement of a release of the Sources of Frontier Elite II and Frontier First Encounters on the Eliteclub-Website http://www.eliteclub.co.uk, I was very happy with it. Now it is 2001 (around 2 years since the announcement) and they still haven't released it'
8. ^Jordan, John (1 December 2009). 'JJFFE Central'. jaj22.org.uk. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2015. What is JJFFE? JJFFE is set of recompiled replacement executables for the 1995 Frontier Developments game Frontier: First Encounters. There are currently versions that run under Windows 95/98/ME, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows NT4, OS/2, Linux and Mac. As well as running on many more operating systems than the original, JJFFE also includes minor improvements and bugfixes.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
9. ^FFED3D at frontierastro.co.uk
10. ^GLFFE on alioth.net (archived)
11. ^GLFFE - Nic Mod on nic.dnsalias.com
12. ^ ^abHoneywell, Steve; Chapman, Ted; Kaiafas, Tasos (July 1995). 'There is No Escape'. Computer Game Review. Archived from the original on 21 December 1996.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
13. ^'Frontier: First Encounters - Official site'. Archived from the original on 23 January 2015.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)

External links[edit]

• Penn, Gary (1995). 'Life, the Universe and First Encounters'. PC Gamer. Future Publishing (18).

Encounters Mac Os Catalina